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Profit & Loss: Formulas & Solved Examples

लाभ एवं हानि: सूत्र एवं हल किए उदाहरण

GECBy Govt Exam Center Editorial TeamPublished 2 June 2026Updated 2 June 20262 min read✓ Reviewed for accuracy

English

Profit & Loss questions are guaranteed marks once you know the core formulas. Everything builds on Cost Price (CP) and Selling Price (SP). CORE FORMULAS • Profit = SP − CP (when SP > CP) ; Loss = CP − SP (when CP > SP) • Profit% = (Profit / CP) × 100 ; Loss% = (Loss / CP) × 100 • SP = CP × (100 + Profit%)/100 ; SP = CP × (100 − Loss%)/100 • CP = SP × 100 / (100 + Profit%) DISCOUNT • Discount is always calculated on the Marked Price (MP). • SP = MP − Discount ; Discount% = (Discount / MP) × 100 SOLVED EXAMPLES 1) CP = 200, SP = 250 → Profit = 50, Profit% = (50/200)×100 = 25%. 2) CP = 500, sold at a 20% loss → SP = 500 × 80/100 = 400. 3) MP = 1,000 with a 10% discount → SP = 1000 − 100 = 900. 4) An item sold at 25% profit for 250 → CP = 250 × 100/125 = 200. KEY TRAPS • Profit% and Loss% are ALWAYS on the cost price, never the selling price — most mistakes happen here. • If two items are sold at the same price, one at x% profit and one at x% loss, there is always a net LOSS of (x/10)%. Make these automatic with free mock tests on Govt Exam Center.

हिंदी

लाभ-हानि के प्रश्न पक्के अंक हैं यदि मूल सूत्र आते हों। सब कुछ क्रय मूल्य (CP) और विक्रय मूल्य (SP) पर आधारित है। मूल सूत्र • लाभ = SP − CP (जब SP > CP) ; हानि = CP − SP (जब CP > SP) • लाभ% = (लाभ / CP) × 100 ; हानि% = (हानि / CP) × 100 • SP = CP × (100 + लाभ%)/100 ; SP = CP × (100 − हानि%)/100 • CP = SP × 100 / (100 + लाभ%) छूट • छूट हमेशा अंकित मूल्य (MP) पर निकाली जाती है। • SP = MP − छूट ; छूट% = (छूट / MP) × 100 हल किए उदाहरण 1) CP = 200, SP = 250 → लाभ = 50, लाभ% = (50/200)×100 = 25%। 2) CP = 500, 20% हानि पर बेचा → SP = 500 × 80/100 = 400। 3) MP = 1,000 पर 10% छूट → SP = 1000 − 100 = 900। 4) कोई वस्तु 25% लाभ पर 250 में बेची → CP = 250 × 100/125 = 200। मुख्य जाल • लाभ% एवं हानि% हमेशा क्रय मूल्य पर निकाले जाते हैं, विक्रय मूल्य पर कभी नहीं — अधिकांश गलतियाँ यहीं होती हैं। • यदि दो वस्तुएँ समान मूल्य पर बेची जाएँ, एक x% लाभ पर और एक x% हानि पर, तो हमेशा (x/10)% की शुद्ध हानि होती है। Govt Exam Center पर मुफ्त मॉक से इन्हें स्वाभाविक बनाएँ।

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